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Library - Learning + Information skills: Referencing

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Print Books

One Author

Two authors

Three or more authors

Chapter from book with one author

Edited book

Chapter from an edited book

Edited book in a series

Corporate author

Edited book with corporate author

Translated book

Introduction, Preface, Foreword

eBooks

One author

Two authors

Chapter from an edited eBook

Kindle book

Journals

Article in an online database

Journal Article with one author

Journal article with two authors

Journal article with three or more authors

Websites

NOTE

If you cannot validate a reference's authorship, date of publication or its authoritativeness, especially if it is an online resource, consider using another similar reference that is more authoritative instead.

The entire website

A page on a website

A discussion thread

Social Media / Online Communication

Blog post

Comment on a blog or article

Tweet (short/untitled message)

Podcast

Email

Interviews / Speeches

Podcast of an interview

Interview on a DVD

Interview in an online journal

Live radio interview

Personal Interview [UNPUBLISHED]

Speech / Reading / Address / Lecture etc. [UNPUBLISHED]

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Click below for full detailed guides for MLA referencing:
Monash University and Purdue University

Film / Video Recording

Online video (YouTube)

Film

Film (streamed)

Film (DVD)

Film review

Film highlighting particular contribution

Misc. Printed Media

Short Story / Essay

Illustrated Book

Newspapers

This is for an online article. For further variations click here.

Government Publications

This is for an online report. For further variations click here.

Theses

Journal Review

For further variations click here.

Live Media

Live Performances

Television / Radio Broadcast

Concert / Theatre Program

Performance highlighting particular contribution

General Points for Referencing

Click here for a full guide for in-text citation

  • Mention the author's name in sentence, only cite the page number.
  • Don't mention the author's name in sentence, cite name and page number.
  • Font and capitalisation must match that in the reference list.
  • Long quotations (more than four lines) are indented.
  • More than one reference at the same point in a document are separated with a semicolon e.g. (Smith 150; Jackson 41).
  • If the work has no author, use the title.
  • Multiple works by the same author, add title words. eg (Smyth, "Memories of Motherhood" 77).
  • If two authors have the same surname, use their first initial e.g. (G. Brown 26).
  • Recommended heading for the reference list is Works Cited, which should be centred.
  • Each reference should be formatted with double-spacing and a hanging indent.Watch this video to learn how to create a hanging indent in MS Word 2010.
  • Capitalise the first word of the title or subtitle, and all other significant words.
  • Author's names should be listed with full forenames if known.
  • The name of the first author has their family name first. Additional author's names are not inverted (e.g. Smith, Adam, and Laura Childs).
  • If you cite more than one work by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. Thereafter, use three hyphens instead of the name, e.g. ---.
  • If a reference does not have an author, list it by title. Ignore the leading article (A, The etc.) in the works cited list.
  • If you cannot validate a reference's authorship, date of publication or its authoritativeness, especially if it is an online resource, consider using another similar reference that is more authoritative instead.
  • For a journal article in an online database (e.g. via the Library website) include the name of the database (italicized).
  • Use the URL that you see in the browser (omitting http:// or https://) unless the source identifies a DOI or permalink associated with it.
  • When the title page lists two or more publishers which seem equally responsible for the work, cite each of them separating the names with a forward slash (e.g. Cambridge UP / Routledge).