Major Prophets and Minor Prophets are simply a way to divide the Old Testament prophetic books.
The Major Prophets are"
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, and Daniel.
The Minor Prophets are:
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The Minor Prophets are also sometimes called The Twelve.
The Major Prophets are described as “major” because their books are longer and the content has broad, even global implications. The Minor Prophets are described as “minor” because their books are shorter (although Hosea and Zechariah are almost as long as Daniel) and the content is more narrowly focused. That does not mean the Minor Prophets are any less inspired than the Major Prophets. It is simply a matter of God choosing to reveal more to the Major Prophets than He did to the Minor Prophets.
Both the Major and Minor Prophets are usually among the least popular books of the Bible for Christians to read. This is understandable with the often unusual prophetic language and the seemingly constant warnings and condemnations recorded in the prophecies. Still, there is much valuable content to be studied in the Major and Minor Prophets. We read of Christ’s birth in Isaiah and Micah. We learn of Christ’s atoning sacrifice in Isaiah. We read of Christ’s return in Ezekiel, Daniel, and Zechariah. We learn of God’s holiness, wrath, grace, and mercy in all of the Major and Minor Prophets. For that, they are most worthy of our attention and study.
http://www.gotquestions.org/major-minor-prophets.html
Old Testament Prophets
Major Prophets
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Daniel
Minor Prophets
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Other Prophets
Elijah
Elisha
Gad
Micaiah
Nathan
Samuel
New Testament Prophets
John the Baptist
John the Revelator
Agubus
Anna
Barnabas
Paul the Apostle
I. The prophets enforce and apply the Mosaic law.
II. The prophets emphasize God's eternal covenant with his people.
III. The prophets include every nation of the world in God's plans.
IV. The prophets' central message is the exile and restoration of Israel.
V. The prophets clearly display the centrality of Christ in every part of their message
